Browse our dictionary for all the skincare ingredients and terms on your favorite products, with trusted insights from dermatologists, cosmetic chemists, estheticians and more.
Allantoin
Allantoin also known as aluminum dihydroxy allantoinate, is an extract from the comfrey plant, which is native to temperate climates of Asia and Europe. According to Herrmann, it has potent healing and soothing properties, and for centuries comfrey leaves were used to help heal minor skin injuries and swelling. Additionally, it can be found in a variety of plants such as beets, chamomile, wheat sprouts, and even tobacco seeds. Shamban adds that although it can be extracted for cosmetic usages from most of these sources, more often it's the lab-created versions we find in products. "Both versions are safe and effective when used in advanced skincare and are becoming more and more popular for efficacy and results
Alpha-Hydroxy Acids (AHAs)
Alpha-hydroxy acids are a group of acid compounds, they area water soluble and most often derived from plant-based sources. There are a variety of different ones out there, some of the most common of which include: glycolic (derived from sugarcane), lactic (derived from sour milk), citric (derived from lemons), and malic (derived from apples)
Aloe Vera
Aloe vera is a naturally derived ingredient known for its soothing properties. It can come in powder, liquid, and gel form and can be found in products like creams, moisturizers, gels, and masks. The leaves of the aloe vera plant are made up of three layers: the inner gel or mucilage (which is 99.5% water), the middle latex layer, and the outer layer or rind. So how did aloe vera get its reputation for being a magical cure-all ingredient? That likely has to do with the fact that the other 0.5% is made up of a wide range of chemicals: "Aloe is rich in vitamins, amino acids, polysaccharides, and phytosterols, so it has all these calming, great properties. Additionally, it has vitamins A, C, D, and E, and it also has minerals, like zinc, potassium, and magnesium, so it really is this rich gel or extract that can be used for a variety of things."
Almond Oil
Almond oil is a vitamin E- and antioxidant-rich extract that comes from pressing or grinding almonds. Zamani says that it contains anti-inflammatory and immunity-boosting properties, both of which are useful for the colder seasons, as well as cardiovascular benefits that help to improve your body's cholesterol.
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin is an antibiotic that's part of the penicillin family, which covers a wide range of different bacteria. Most commonly it's used to treat upper respiratory bacterial infections, as well as UTIs, and is best used for short periods. So, how can it play a role in improving your skin? The first thing to keep in mind is that generally speaking, any type of oral antibiotic should only be used for inflammatory acne, the kind that causes pustules and cysts,
Amla Oil
Amla is an extract from Indian Gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica), which is a highly regarded medicinal Ayurveda plant. Amla is known to have strong antioxidant properties since it is rich in ascorbic acid—which we tend to recognize as vitamin C. amla extracts can be beneficial for most skin types. Since amla is high in vitamin C, skincare products containing this superfood ingredient can prevent sun damage.
Antioxidants
Antioxidants protect the skin from free radical damage, which may occur as a result of environmental stressors, including UV rays and pollution. Free radicals are chemicals that happen inside your cell leading to damage to the DNA. For skin, this leads to signs of skin aging. Antioxidants, such as Vitamins C and E, may offer benefits such as reversing and reducing damage caused by environmental factors like sunburn and tobacco exposure.
Argan Oil
Argan oil is a plant oil extracted from the kernels of the fruit pit of the argan tree (aka Argania spinosa) which grows in Morocco. Traditionally, the oil extraction is a cold-pressed process—it’s done by exerting mechanical pressure with little to no applied heat.
Argireline
Argireline is a brand name for a particular peptide, acetyl hexapeptide-3 (aka acetyl hexapeptide-8). As a quick reminder, peptides are short chains of amino acids, the foundation for proteins, including collagen and elastin, making them essential for healthy, youthful skin. While various peptides are common in skincare, this one differs in its ability to reduce muscle movement and the accompanying wrinkles that come with it; it’s the first peptide with a targeted effect on expression wrinkles, Everyone is trying to mimic Botox's contenders, and so far, argireline is one of the best contenders.
Arbutin
Arbutin is a molecule extracted from the bearberry plant that prevents the formation of melanin. Compared to two other gentle brighteners: kojic acid (derived from rice, mushrooms) and licorice root (derived from the licorice plant). [They] are derived from different natural ingredients, but they all function as tyrosinase inhibitors to provide skin lightening and brightening effects.
Artisan
Artisan is a term that refers to skincare made in a traditional way by skilled craft workers entirely by hand rather than factory-machine made “local artisan skincare product”
Apricot Kernel Oil
This is the oil extracted from the apricot kernel. It is pale golden and odorless, and it is suited for all skin types. It's a good source of bioactive compounds such as tocopherols and phytosterols. Tocopherols and phytosterols are antioxidant-rich emollients naturally found in vegetables (and in this case, fruit oils) that hydrate, protect the skin against environmental damages (aka free radicals), and keep the skin supple.
Avocado Oil
Avocado oil is derived from—you guessed it—an avocado. So let's talk vital nutrients. Avocado has very, very high fiber, low sugar, and it has all the multivitamin cofactors that we need (potassium, sodium, magnesium, vitamins A, C, and K, folic acid, vitamin B6, and niacin). It also has a very strong antioxidant activity and a high concentration of monounsaturated fat.
Azelaic Acid
Found naturally in grains like wheat and barley, azelaic acid boasts anti-inflammatory properties that make it effective for treating skin conditions such as acne, though research suggests it’s less effective than benzoyl peroxide.In short, azelaic acid is a dicarboxylic acid that helps exfoliate the skin and is synthesized by yeast naturally—but it can be derived from several places. Azelaic acid is produced naturally on your skin by yeast, but you can also make it in a laboratory, and it can come from grains and cereals
Astaxanthin
Astaxanthin is a potent antioxidant known as a carotenoid, found in various foods. It naturally has a bright red/orange color, and its high content in salmon is what gives it its colour. It also is found in some forms of red algae. Studies have shown that the antioxidant ability of astaxanthin is much more powerful than Vitamin C
Azulene
Azulene is a natural botanical oil derived from the steam distillation of chamomile, yarrow, or blue tansy flowers, all of which have anti-inflammatory properties. Its name comes from the Spanish word for blue, 'azul,' because of the distinct blue tint. Those anti-inflammatory benefits make it a choice skin soother, which is why you'll often see azulene in both professional and at-home products meant to be used after waxing or shaving.
Bakuchiol
Bakuchiol is a plant extract and antioxidant thought to support healthy aging that may have been used in traditional Chinese and Indian medicine. It’s sometimes promoted as a safer, less irritating alternative to retinol, but there currently aren’t enough studies to support these claims.
Beta-hydroxy Acid (BHAs)
Beta hydroxy acids are oil soluble acids, they act as exfoliants. It has been claimed that BHAs are effective in reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and improving overall skin texture, without the occasional irritation associated with the use of AHAs. BHAs are used in some "anti-aging" creams and acne treatments to combat inflammation. Currently, the BHA most commonly used in cosmetics is salicylic acid which comes from willow bark.
Baobab
Baobab has a myriad of benefits. It is most notable for its moisturizing properties. Because Baobab is packed with vitamins B, C, and Omega 3s, when used for the face, it can help with dry, aging, and dull skin. The oil form can help soothe eczema and dandruff as well, because it is moisturizing, but it does not replace medications for the conditions.
Beeswax
Beeswax is a wax produced by worker bees to build a honeycomb. It’s often found in makeup products and some sunscreens and may help manage sensitive skin, dermatitis, and psoriasis. It’s sometimes used as an emollient to support skin hydration
Bentonite Clay
Bentonite clay is "mineral-rich and made of weathered volcanic ash. It's been used for centuries as a traditional medicine for detoxification, because it contains minerals such as calcium, magnesium, and iron. Bentonite clay's natural ingredient acts similar to a sponge in how it absorbs excess oil and sebum from your skin. Best for those who contend with acne, redness, and/or oil production.
Beta-Glucan
Beta-glucans, written as β-glucans, are polysaccharides (multiple sugars, starch, cellulose bonded together) found in yeast, bacteria, fungi, seaweed, and grains like oats. So you can ingest them in food, or they can be extracted and applied to your skin. Beta-glucan is a humectant moisturizer that attracts water to the top layers of skin
Bhringraj Oil
Bhringraj oil is made from extracts of the False Daisy plant, known as Eclipta alba because of its small flowers. Eclipta alba is a member of the sunflower family and is grown in humid, tropical locations like India. Bhringraj oil is commonly used in Ayurvedic medicine for primarily treating dry scalps and dandruff, greying hair, as well as hair loss. It is also rich in minerals like iron, magnesium, calcium, and proteins, all of which are important for healthy hair growth.
Biotin
Biotin, also known as vitamin B7 or vitamin H (fun fact: the "H" stands for Haar and Haut, the German words for hair and skin), is a water-soluble B vitamin, which means the body does not store it. Because it can be found in various foods such as fish, eggs, meat, dairy products, nuts, and seeds, and it is also produced in our bodies from intestinal bacteria.
Black Cumin Seed Oil
Black cumin seed oil is rich in antioxidants—it nourishes the skin and helps prevent inflammation. It's firming and regenerative properties are known to lessen the chance of scars developing from wounds. Black cumin seed oil has a rich history. It is a legendary secret of the goddesses like Cleopatra and Nefertiti, who used it as part of their daily beauty regimen. It is also known that the pharaoh Tutankhamun was found buried alongside black cumin seed oil almost 3300 years ago. Completely different from the orange-hued cumin from the culinary world, this product comes from a plant called Nigella sativa, sometimes also called black caraway or fennel flower.
Black Soap
The African black soap happens to be a traditional cleansing product that is made from natural ingredients like plantain skins, cocoa pods, shea butter, and palm oil. It has gained popularity around the world for the numerous benefits it possesses. The soap gets its distinct dark colour from the ash of plantain skins, cocoa pods, and other natural ingredients. Known to be a natural cleansing soap. It is renowned for its deep cleansing properties and the ability to promote healthy skin and hair.
Body Serum
Body serums are lightweight, water-based product that penetrate deeper layers of the skin. They are usually applied before a body lotion, moisturizer or ointment. Due to their thick, gel like texture, serums are able to deliver a higher concentration of active ingredients to advance the function of the body lotion/moisturizer application that follows. Just like facial serums, body serums deliver active ingredients to target specific concerns such as dry or dull skin, whereas traditional body lotions are mainly used to provide moisture.
Borage Seed Oil
Borage seed oil is derived from the seeds of the Borago officinalis, or in simpler terms, a Mediterranean native plant. The entire plant can be used for medical purposes, but the oil is specifically derived from the seeds, hence its namesake. The oil, an antioxidant and hydrator, is often found in moisturizers, Weinstein tells us. Borage seed oil provides fatty acids necessary for the skin. More specifically, it blocks formation of leukotrienes and increases the production of ceramics.
Caviar
Caviar is unfertilized fish eggs. When used in skincare, caviar is infused as an extract. Caviar extract is an emollient active ingredient primarily benefiting the skin by boosting hydration, moisture levels, and plumping of fine lines, while reducing inflammation and protecting against oxidative damage thanks to its antioxidant properties—notably vitamin E and selenium.
Caffeine
Caffeine for skincare is a controversial ingredient. Yes, it may be a fabulous brightener. Either way, it's one of the buzziest ingredients in skincare today. Gradually, more brands are starting to include it in their formulas. So why the sudden interest? Well, it's partially due to the things that come in coffee bean oil, partially due to caffeine itself, and mostly due to renewed interest by cosmetics companies in centuries-old home remedies.
Camellia Extract
Camellia oleifera leaf extract is extracted from the leaves of the Camellia oleifera, a shrub of the tea family and a type of green tea that's native to Asia, especially southern China. Tea leaves have been heralded for their polyphenol contents, a family of molecules with a pretty broad range of described health benefits.
Castor Oil
Pressed from castor seeds found in the tropical Ricinus communis plant, castor oil is thicker and goopier than argan or coconut oil, which may make it an effective replenisher for skin and hair. But the story doesn’t end there. The medicinal properties of castor oil are thought to have been harnessed as far back as ancient Egyptian times when the oil was regarded by many as an immunity-boosting elixir. It's still a mainstay of Ayurvedic medicine. Upon reviewing its properties, we get why. According to dermatologists Castor oil is sometimes credited with helping the absorption of other products into the skin, as well, it has purported other benefits: anti-inflammatory/antibacterial/moisturizing.
CBD Oil
CBD—which stands for Cannabidiol—oil is a compound derived from both hemp (cannabis sativa) and marijuana (cannabis sativa indica) plants, both of which are part of the cannabis family. When it comes to acne's root causes—a combination of bacteria, oil, and dry skin cells getting trapped in your pores—CBD oil seems to have all bases covered. CBD oil is beneficial to these conditions due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It reduces sebum production and is also antimicrobial, so it works great for acne-prone skin. A 2007 study published in the Journal of Dermatological Science that showed CBD oil applied to the skin may inhibit the overproduction of keratinocytes (skin cells), thus eliminating yet another acne-causing culprit.
Carrier Oils
When formulating skincare products with essential oils, aromatherapists use a carrier oil as essential oils are too concentrated and can cause skin irritations if used on the skin directly. Carrier oil is a term that encompasses several plant-derived oils, like jojoba oil and argan oil. They get their name because they are good for diluting other products, like essential oils, and “carrying” them to the skin. Evidence of benefits, such as skin longevity and anti-inflammatory properties.
Ceramides
Ceramides are known to be part of this complex family of fats or lipids called a sphingolipid. One of the best ways to understand how ceramides function is to imagine your stratum corneum (the outermost layer of your epidermis) made up of bricks and mortar. The skin cells are essentially the brick, and the lipids or the fats are in between, and that’s what we call the mortar. Similar to how a stack of bricks wouldn’t be as effective at protecting without the mortar sealing everything in place, neither is your skin cells without ceramides
Charcoal
Charcoal is the result of burning carbon-based materials, which makes sense if you've ever come in contact with the chalky, sooty substance. Although you might hear the terms "charcoal" and "activated charcoal" used interchangeably in the beauty industry. Activated charcoal has been treated to produce a much larger surface area for adsorption. It, when charcoal is treated with gases or inorganic chemicals, it's forced to open up and form pores (think of a microscopic sponge)
Chamomile
Chamomile is an herb that has been used for thousands of years in for medicinal purposes thanks to its abundance of flavonoids and phytochemicals.2 These nutrients are known to fight against harmful free radicals and speed up cell regeneration, thereby improving the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and scars
Chebula
It is the antioxidant capacity of chebula that gives it such powerful anti-aging power. In fact, chebula extract is stronger than the antioxidants we generally consider the best for our skin, including vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin E (tocopherol), and BHT. Chebula is able to scavenge more free radicals, and for a longer duration of time than other antioxidants can. A 2016 study stated, “The antioxidant activity of the extract is significantly higher than the standard ascorbic acid, and its activity is concentration-dependent.
Collagen
Collagen is often referred to as the body’s scaffolding, and the reason for that is because, as we mentioned above, it's the most important structural protein in your skin. Not only is collagen made in our bodies, but it can also be derived from plants and animals. It's available in topical and ingestible forms, and in the past, it was also a popular injectable (we'll dive deeper into the different forms a little later on).
Colloidal Oatmeal
Colloidal oatmeal is ground oatmeal, which is then placed in a liquid medium for better application and absorption into the skin. Studies show that colloidal oatmeal can function as a cleanser, moisturizer, skin soother, and protective anti-inflammatory agent.1 The skin protectant is available in various forms (such as powders, gels, and creams) and can be conveniently found at groceries and drugstores.
Cone Snail Venom
First, it should be noted that this ingredient doesn’t actually come from a cone snail—it’s created synthetically in a lab to mimic the effects. “Cone snails from the southwest shores of Australia have been known to secrete a venom that paralyzes their enemies and food sources”. “We do not use cone snail venom—we make a biomimetic peptide that is patented and has specific activity without harming or depleting the natural flora of cone snails and their environment.”
Copper Peptide
"Copper peptides are well known in the skincare world with decades of data as a skin-restoring ingredient. They improve skin including firmness, smoothness, reduction of fine lines and wrinkles, by promoting collagen, elastin, glycosaminoglycan (think HAs) and improved antioxidant activity,"
CoQ10
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 for short) is a naturally produced bodily enzyme and one of the most fundamental antioxidants. "CoQ10 or Coenzyme Q-10 is a kind of fat-soluble quinone compound. Coenzyme Q10 is found in every cell of the human body. A coenzyme is a substance that enhances or is necessary for the action of enzymes, generally smaller than the enzymes. CoQ10 is vital in energy production in cells."
Cocoa Butter
Cocoa butter comes from the cacao bean, which is found inside the cocoa pod, which grows on the cacao tree. The cocoa pod is a large, gourd-shaped fruit; inside the pod are 30 to 40 cocoa seeds. After these seeds are dried, roasted, and pressed, the vegetable fat is extracted from the beans— you can even do it at home if you want. That fat is what we know as cocoa "butter," and what's leftover can be ground down to become cocoa powder. "Cocoa butter is an amazing moisturizer, as it's rife with fatty acids. It's also rich in antioxidants.". Solid at room temperature, cocoa butter has a low melting point and a super-long shelf life of around two to five years. That means a tub of the good stuff can go a long way in caring for your skin.
Cold Pressed
Cold-pressing involves making a product or ingredient without the use of high heat. The process may help relieve dry skin and scalp and dry or cracked cuticles, but research is limited. Cold pressing is a common way to make oils like olive oil without the use of heat or chemicals.
It involves crushing the oils i.e olives into a paste, then applying force by mechanical press, or centrifugation to separate the oil from the pulp. According to European food standards, temperatures cannot exceed 81°F (27°C). Cold pressing may help oils like oilive oil retain its nutritional value, as nutrients and beneficial plant compounds can break down under high heat.
Date Seed Oil
Date seed oil also contains five types of fatty acids: oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid, and lauric acid. These compounds have antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiviral properties.
Dead Sea
The Dead Sea’s minerals consist of a balanced composition that matches the concentration of minerals in our own skin when healthy. The Dead Sea contains 10 times as many minerals as any other sea, ocean, or lake. Bathing in a magnesium-rich Dead Sea salt solution improves skin barrier function, enhances skin hydration, and reduces inflammation in atopic dry skin.
Dimethicone
Dimethicone is a human-made silicon-based polymer designed to keep other product ingredients from separating. It may help seal moisture into the skin and hair and prevent aging signs.
Distilled Water
Distilled water is a type of purified water that has been boiled into vapour and condensed back into liquid in a separate container. Salts, minerals, and other organic materials are removed by collecting the steam from boiling water
Double Cleanse
Double cleansing means cleansing your face twice, first with an oil-based product and then followed by a water-based cleanser.
Emolients
Emollients are ingredients or products that hydrate the skin by providing a protective layer to keep in moisture and prevent and treat skin dryness. "This is a broad category with many different products and ingredients that can be considered or used as emollients," Butters, oils, esters, lipids, and fatty acids are all considered emollients.
Eucalyptus Oil
Eucalyptus oil is an essential oil made from dried, crushed, and distilled eucalyptus leaves distilled from the leaf of an evergreen tree native to Australia but can also be found in other parts of the world. Although there are hundreds of different species of eucalyptus, Chang says eucalyptus globulus is the main source of eucalyptus oil used.
Epsom Salt
Epsom salt is simply crystals of magnesium sulfate, a mineral. It's long been used in the health and wellness space, ever since its discovery all the way back in the 17th century. "In theory, Epsom salt could be good for breakouts because the magnesium sulfate can help relieve swelling and inflammation, and assist the body in purging toxins. The salt can also dry up excess oil,"
Evening Primrose Oil
Evening primrose oil, or EPO, is an oil derived from the seeds of the evening primrose plant, Oenothera biennis. The plant has a long history of skincare use: "Native Americans used the stem and leaf juices as topical remedies to soothe cutaneous inflammations, and poultices of the plant were used to treat bruises and minor wounds,"
Emu Oil
Emu oil is derived from the fat of an emu bird. Also known as Dromaius novaehallandiae, the emu is a flightless bird species that is indigenous to Australia. The fat is removed from the back of the bird and then goes through a refining process that removes excess toxins. It's important to note that because of this, emu oil is not cruelty-free.
Essential Oils
These are concentrated liquids derived from the aromatic parts of plants, such as the flowers, roots, and leaves using a process called steam distillation
Ferulic Acid
Ferulic acid, aka hydroxycinnamic acid, is a powerful antioxidant that neutralizes free-radical damage from pollution, ultraviolet light, or infrared radiation, all of which accelerate skin agingIt's found in the cell wall of plants like oats, brown rice, peanuts, and oranges, but you typically hear of it associated with apples.
Fermented Oils
When a product's label says 'fermented oil,' it means the product contains an oil that has undergone the process of having a specialized microorganism introduced in an anaerobic environment (without oxygen,)". This process converts the carbohydrates in the original oil to acid plus energy
Frangipani
Frangipani is a fragrant flowering tree, also known as plumeria. The oil of the colorful flower, also known as the Hawaiian Lei flower, has been used in perfumery since the 16th century, usually as a top or heart note. The flowers from a frangipani tree are either white, yellow, pink, or multi-color. Frangipani is a common ingredient in manyfragranced soaps, candles, massage oils, and potpourris. The flowers of the plant are also considered sacred in certain tropical nations such as Bali and India, where they are used in religious ceremonies.
Glutathione
Glutathione is known as the most powerful antioxidant of all time. It is an antioxidant. It is involved in metabolism of toxins and carcinogens, DNA synthesis and repair, protein and prostaglandin synthesis, amino acid transport, immune system function, prevention of oxidative cell damage, and enzyme activation. Glutathione is an antioxidant naturally found in human cells that neutralizes free radicals, boosts the immune system and detoxifies the body. It causes skin lightening by converting melanin to a lighter colour and deactivating the enzyme tyrosinase, which helps to produce the pigment.
Glacier
Glacier water is a mineral-rich source of hydration. It’s uninterrupted tetrahedral molecular structure is uniquely suited to help nutrients transfer on a cellular level-improving ability of products to penetrate skin and resonate with cells to boost skin hydration and vitality
Gold
Gold contains anti-inflammatory qualities as well as antioxidants. This implies that it can minimize skin redness, lessen acne inflammation, and protect against hyperpigmentation. It reduces inflammation, minimizes the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and protects skin from free radical damage. This maintains skin texture and avoids premature sagging.
Glycerin
Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a natural compound derived from vegetable oils ie peanuts or animal fats. It’s a clear, colorless, odorless, and syrupy liquid with a sweet taste. Glycerin is a humectant, a type of moisturizing agent that pulls water into the outer layer of your skin from deeper levels of your skin and the air. In skin care products, glycerin is commonly used with occlusives, another type of moisturizing agent, to trap the moisture it draws into the skin.
Glycolic Acid
This acid fights acne by breaking bonds between the outer skin cell layers and the next layer of skin cells, triggering a peeling effect. It acts as a chemical exfoliant by loosening the bonds between dead skin cells while helping to treat acne. Glycolic acid also stimulates collagen production and acts as a humectant, attracting moisture to the skin. It’s considered pregnancy-safe.
Goat Milk
A gentle exfoliator that draws moisture to your skin and softens, nourishes skin, and reduces redness
Goji Berry
Promotes collagen and elastin production, reduces hyperpigmentation, reduces oxidative stress.
Grapeseed
Grapeseed extract (GSE) is created when antioxidant-rich grape seeds are removed, dried, and pulverized. It may help with wound healing and collagen synthesis, but most of the research has looked at its effects on animals. Moisturizes, lightens dark circles, fades scars, tightens skin, prevents sun damage.
Green Tea
Green Tea Phenols (GTP) have anti-inflammatory properties and can act as antioxidants. GTPs have been known to be effective in rosacea and acne treatment. Soothes and protects the skin, reduces sebum, and minimizes signs of aging.
Honey
A natural humectant that draws moisture into the skin and clarifies to open up pores. Recommended for dry skin types. Honey contains trace amounts of Hydrogen Peroxide This might give it mild lightening properties, which is particularly helpful when it comes to resolving pesky post-acne marks and hyperpigmentation
Hyaluronic Acid
Hyaluronic acid is a moisture binder, which means that it will attach itself to the water in the cells making them 'plump.
Hydroquinone
Hydroquinone is a spot lightener. It lightens hyper-pigmentations, age spots and evens out skin tones by lowering the amount of melanin-making melanocites. It also has the added benefit of working well when paired with other skin-lightening ingredients i.e Kojic acid. It is ether is Monobenzone. Monobenzone is a hydroquinone derivative used to treat vitiligo. Often used as a topical drug for depigmenting agent inhibiting melanin produced by polymerization of oxidation products of tyrosine and dihydroxyphenyl compounds. Monobenzone works by permanently removing colour from normal skin located around skin with vitiligo. Monobenzone occurs as a white, almost tasteless crystalline powder, soluble in alcohol and practically insoluble in water.
Humectant
Humectants attract water, helping the skin retain moisture and stay hydrated. Some humectants directly supply moisture to the skin, while others exfoliate first.
Hydrocortisone
Hydocortisone is used to aid in treating skin disorders like severe psoriasis and allergies.
Jojoba Oil
Jojoba oil hydrates, softens, and smoothes the skin while balancing natural oil production.
Kaolin Clay
Kaolin is a white clay that binds sebum, removes excess oil, mattifies, and draws out impurities.
Keratin
Keratin is mostly used in hair products, keratin is a fibrous protein that also occurs naturally in hair, skin, and nails. Keratin smooths cells that overlap to form hair strands, which means more manageable hair and less frizz. This makes for hair that dries with little frizz and has a glossy, healthy look to it. Keratin can also reduce the look of split ends by temporarily bonding the hair back together. A good source is fenugreek
Kojic Acid
Kojic acid is a type of fermented food acid that helps in skin lightening process. Mostly found in rice wine aka Japanese sake. Unlike other acids that work by dissolving the bonds between the cells and exfoliating the skin, kojic acid works by inhibiting pigment production. It also has the added benefit of working well when paired with other skin-lightening ingredients especially hydroquinone.
Lactic Acid
Lactic acid is an exfoliating alpha-hydroxy acid that helps promote the shedding of dead skin cells. By gently eliminating the buildup of dead cells, this ingredient helps soften and smooth your skin and improve its overall texture.
Lanolin
Lanolin is an emollient that allows the skin to moisturize itself from within. Sheep secrete this oil through their skin, and it’s similar to human sebum. It’s found in nipple creams, lotions, and balms for its moisturizing benefits.
Lavender Oil
Lavender oil (aka lavandula angustifolia) is a type of essential oil that comes from the flowers of the lavender plant, which grows in various regions such as France and Bulgaria. Its main components are linalool, linalyl acetate, lavandulol, geraniol, and eucalyptol, which have antibacterial as well as anti-fungal properties. It may help reduce acne, wrinkles, dry skin, and hyperpigmentation, but research is limited
Licorice Extract
Licorice extract brightens the skin. It contains liquiritin, an active compound that helps to disperse and remove existing melanin in the skin. In other words, not only can it help prevent new spots from forming, but it can also fade existing ones by inhibiting the production of an enzyme needed to produce melanin (pigment)
Lysine
Like all amino acids and their derivatives, lysine HCI plays a role in keeping skin hydrated by aiding the balanced transport of water through skin's layers. It appears to help the body absorb calcium, and it plays an important role in the formation of collagen, a substance important for bones and connective tissues including skin, tendons, and cartilage.
Lemon Balm
Lemon Balm is an exfoliator (The primary ingredient in lemon juice that's worth calling out for skincare purposes is citric acid, an alpha-hydroxy acid). It is full of Vitamin C which helps sloughs away dead skin cells, clears sebum and dirt from pores (which may help prevent blackhead formation, says Nussbaum), and may also have antibacterial properties.
Marshmallow Root Extract
Marshmallow Root Extract is an anti-inflamatory especially recommended for sensitive skin. It soothes redness, relieves inflammation, and helps retain moisture.
Madelic Acid
Mandelic Acid is an alpha-hydroxy acid, known as an exfoliator that increases cell turnover, anti-acne, anti-aging and skin texture.
Moringa Oil
Moringa oil helps to reduces fine lines and wrinkles, improves the overall appearance of the skin, soothes inflammation
Malic Acid
Malic Acid exfoliates dead cells on the outermost layer of the skin and promotes cell turnover, leaving skin brighter and more even, and also helping to keep pores unclogged. An AHA that adjusts acid levels in products and for hydration and gentle exfoliation.
Meadowfoam
Meadowfoam is an emollient that seals in moisture and softens skin.
Matcha
Matcha is a form of green tea which is much more concentrated in antioxidants than regular green tea. “It is prepared from the same plant, but in matcha, the entire leaf is grounded to make a powder. Rich in antioxidant and great for oily skin, Matcha skincare product help to brighten dark spots, even out skin tone and even protect the skin against harmful UV rays.
Micellar Water
Micellar water is made using purified water, moisturizers like glycerin, and mild surfactants, which are compounds used for cleansing. The molecules of these mild surfactants join to form micelles, a type of spherical chemical structure that helps pull dirt and oil from the skin. They work like a miniature sponge, mopping up dirt and makeup while hydrating your skin. Micelles have an oil-loving ‘tail’ that traps dirt, oil, and makeup and a water-loving ‘head’ that allows the micelles to dissolve impurities so they can easily be wiped away.
Murumuru Butter
Murumuru butter is derived from the Murumuru nut.It is an hydrator that deeply moisturizes, reduces inflammation, sensitive skin-friendly
Muslin
Muslin is a cleansing cloth that gently exfoliates, deeply cleanses, and reduces inflammation
Mushroom
Mushroom extracts have anti-inflammatory skin barrier protection and hydration. According to experts, certain mushrooms can draw water into the epidermis and retain moisture,
Niacinamide
Niacinamide also known as Vitamin B3 is a skin brightener that prevents signs of aging, reduces acne
Neem Oil
Neem oil is an essential oil that kills bacteria and fungus and is also an anti-inflammatory.
Resveratrol
Resveratrol is part of a group of compounds called polyphenols, which act as key antioxidants in a skincare formula. Resveratrol is that gentle element that neutralizes free radicals, reduces dark spots, and increases elasticity.
using retinol and resveratrol together helps with brightness, evens tone, and leaves skin more supple and resilient
Retinol
Retinol is your ticket for smoother, softer, firmer, and evener skin. Retinols increases cell turnover, boosts collagen production, and regulates oil production.
Retinoids
Retinoids are a class of skincare compounds derived from vitamin A that can help improve skin texture, reduce fine lines and wrinkles, and treat acne
Retinal
Retinal, a.k.a retinaldehyde, is often considered to be the most potent vitamin A you can get without a prescription. It's 10 times more bioavailable than retinol, so it works faster, and a lot less is needed to drive impactful results
Reishi Mushroom
Reishi Mushroom is an hydration and antioxidant. They are deeply hydrating, antioxidant-rich adaptogens and contain immune-boosting properties that pose both internal and external benefits to restore moisture loss, fights fine lines and wrinkles, reduces stress, improves sleep, boosts immune system.
Rosehip Oil
Rosehip Oil is a pink oil that helps to brighten and evens out the skin, regenerates and heals, helps with anti-aging, elasticity, and collagen production.
Rosemary Oil
Rosemary Oil aka Rosmarinic acid (the main component in rosemary leaf extract) is powerfully calming for skin conditions like eczema and acne.
Royal Jelly
Royal Jelly is the French beauty secret due to its ability to increases collagen production, promotes wound healing, fights inflammation
Sake
Sake is a fermented rice wine, but as a result of fermentation, it produces some extremely effective anti-ageing agents: 20 different types of amino acids, kojic acid and loads of enzymes. These elements are well known for their ability to deeply hydrate and fade pigmentation
Seaweed
Seaweed is a famous hydrating ingredient in skincare products. As a powerful humectant, seaweed draws moisture to skin cells, with potent polysaccharides absorbing water and bringing it to the skin. This provides long-lasting, hydration for moisturized-looking skin. Seaweed, or macroalgae, refers to thousands of species of macroscopic, multicellular, marine algae. T
Sea Kelp
Sea kelp, scientifically known as Macrocystis pyrifera, is a natural humectant, which means it can attract and retain moisture. When used in skincare products, it helps your skin maintain its moisture balance, keeping it hydrated, plump, and youthful. This is especially beneficial for those with dry or dehydrated skin.Its remarkable ability to absorb minerals and nutrients from the sea makes it a powerhouse of essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.
Shea Butter
Shea Butter is a seed fat that comes from the shea tree. The shea tree is found in East and West tropical Africa. Shea butter can benefit the skin and hair. It is a natural moisturizer with anti-inflammatory properties.
Sirtuins
Sirtuins, often referred to as longevity proteins, are a group of proteins found within our kin cells that play a crucial role in maintaining cellular health and longevity.
Skin Types
According to the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD), there are five primary types of skin: oily, dry, normal, combination, and sensitive. Each skin type has its own set of unique characteristics and needs that can affect the look and feel of your complexion. The other types are types are acne-prone, and mature. Though, normal is the most common skin type, being aware of the needs of one's skin allows one to locate the proper items that work the best and tackle possible difficulties without inflicting any damage.
Snail Mucin
Snail mucin is a complex mix of proteins, enzymes, hyaluronic acid, copper peptides, antimicrobial peptides, iron, zinc, and proteoglycans. It comes straight from the snail. It is the secretion, or the mucus, that is left behind when a snail scoots along- the slimy substance that a snail releases to protect itself when it’s under stress.
Organic Skincare
Organic skincare products are made of natural ingredients without any chemical elements in them. The ingredients used are organically farmed and do not contain genetically modified materials, synthetic residues, or chemicals.
Thermal Water
Thermal water is water taken from natural springs. It contains minerals that have been shown to enrich the skin. Don't be fooled by the name, thermal spring water is different to 'normal' water. The long process by which rain water travels through mountains and rocks and resurfaces allows the water to become packed full of minerals. Something important to consider is the natural process in which thermal water is created.
Turmeric
From ancient Ayurvedic traditions to modern skincare, turmeric has gained significant recognition for its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin-enhancing properties. Applying turmeric or products with turmeric to your face can help lighten dark spots, reduce the appearance of fine lines, treat acne, and even brighten skin tone.
Tsubaki Oil (Camellia Seed Oil)
Camellia Japonica Seed Oil, also known as Tsubaki (soo-baw-kee) or Dongbaek Oil, is derived from the seeds of a flowering tree that is native to Southern Japan. For centuries, this luxurious oil has been a treasured beauty secret among Japanese women and ancient Geishas. It is highly regarded for its exceptional ability to retain moisture and penetrate deeply into the skin, delivering immense amounts of phytonutrients.
Parabens
PropylParaben is in the paraben family of preservatives used by pharmaceutical and personal care industries. It is the ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, occurs as a natural substance found in many plants and some insects. It is a member of the class of parabens founderd in water-based cosmetics, such as creams, lotions, shampoos and bath products.
Peptides
Polypeptides, often referred to as Peptides, are short chains of amino acids that make up proteins. Peptides are amino acids that make up certain proteins needed by the skin. More specifically, collagen is made of three polypeptide chains, so adding peptides can stimulate your skin to make collagen. Some peptides naturally occur in the skin, such as collagen, keratin, and elastin. More collagen can lead to firmer, younger-looking skin. A loss of peptides can cause softer, wrinkled-looking skin.
Vitamin C
Vitamin C is an antioxidant that fights harmful toxins that come in contact with your skin wither externally or from inside the body. It has proven benefits, from acting as a protective antioxidant and boosting healthy collagen to combating pigmentation.
Water Cream
Water creams are infused with a high concentration of water-based ingredients, such as hyaluronic acid and botanical extracts, which penetrate deeply into the skin, delivering a surge of moisture.
Allantoin
Allantoin also known as aluminum dihydroxy allantoinate, is an extract from the comfrey plant, which is native to temperate climates of Asia and Europe. According to Herrmann, it has potent healing and soothing properties, and for centuries comfrey leaves were used to help heal minor skin injuries and swelling. Additionally, it can be found in a variety of plants such as beets, chamomile, wheat sprouts, and even tobacco seeds. Shamban adds that although it can be extracted for cosmetic usages from most of these sources, more often it's the lab-created versions we find in products. "Both versions are safe and effective when used in advanced skincare and are becoming more and more popular for efficacy and results
Alpha-Hydroxy Acids (AHAs)
Alpha-hydroxy acids are a group of acid compounds, they area water soluble and most often derived from plant-based sources. There are a variety of different ones out there, some of the most common of which include: glycolic (derived from sugarcane), lactic (derived from sour milk), citric (derived from lemons), and malic (derived from apples)
Aloe Vera
Aloe vera is a naturally derived ingredient known for its soothing properties. It can come in powder, liquid, and gel form and can be found in products like creams, moisturizers, gels, and masks. The leaves of the aloe vera plant are made up of three layers: the inner gel or mucilage (which is 99.5% water), the middle latex layer, and the outer layer or rind. So how did aloe vera get its reputation for being a magical cure-all ingredient? That likely has to do with the fact that the other 0.5% is made up of a wide range of chemicals: "Aloe is rich in vitamins, amino acids, polysaccharides, and phytosterols, so it has all these calming, great properties. Additionally, it has vitamins A, C, D, and E, and it also has minerals, like zinc, potassium, and magnesium, so it really is this rich gel or extract that can be used for a variety of things."
Almond Oil
Almond oil is a vitamin E- and antioxidant-rich extract that comes from pressing or grinding almonds. Zamani says that it contains anti-inflammatory and immunity-boosting properties, both of which are useful for the colder seasons, as well as cardiovascular benefits that help to improve your body's cholesterol.
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin is an antibiotic that's part of the penicillin family, which covers a wide range of different bacteria. Most commonly it's used to treat upper respiratory bacterial infections, as well as UTIs, and is best used for short periods. So, how can it play a role in improving your skin? The first thing to keep in mind is that generally speaking, any type of oral antibiotic should only be used for inflammatory acne, the kind that causes pustules and cysts,
Amla Oil
Amla is an extract from Indian Gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica), which is a highly regarded medicinal Ayurveda plant. Amla is known to have strong antioxidant properties since it is rich in ascorbic acid—which we tend to recognize as vitamin C. amla extracts can be beneficial for most skin types. Since amla is high in vitamin C, skincare products containing this superfood ingredient can prevent sun damage.
Antioxidants
Antioxidants protect the skin from free radical damage, which may occur as a result of environmental stressors, including UV rays and pollution. Free radicals are chemicals that happen inside your cell leading to damage to the DNA. For skin, this leads to signs of skin aging. Antioxidants, such as Vitamins C and E, may offer benefits such as reversing and reducing damage caused by environmental factors like sunburn and tobacco exposure.
Argan Oil
Argan oil is a plant oil extracted from the kernels of the fruit pit of the argan tree (aka Argania spinosa) which grows in Morocco. Traditionally, the oil extraction is a cold-pressed process—it’s done by exerting mechanical pressure with little to no applied heat.
Argireline
Argireline is a brand name for a particular peptide, acetyl hexapeptide-3 (aka acetyl hexapeptide-8). As a quick reminder, peptides are short chains of amino acids, the foundation for proteins, including collagen and elastin, making them essential for healthy, youthful skin. While various peptides are common in skincare, this one differs in its ability to reduce muscle movement and the accompanying wrinkles that come with it; it’s the first peptide with a targeted effect on expression wrinkles, Everyone is trying to mimic Botox's contenders, and so far, argireline is one of the best contenders.
Arbutin
Arbutin is a molecule extracted from the bearberry plant that prevents the formation of melanin. Compared to two other gentle brighteners: kojic acid (derived from rice, mushrooms) and licorice root (derived from the licorice plant). [They] are derived from different natural ingredients, but they all function as tyrosinase inhibitors to provide skin lightening and brightening effects.
Artisan
Artisan is a term that refers to skincare made in a traditional way by skilled craft workers entirely by hand rather than factory-machine made “local artisan skincare product”
Apricot Kernel Oil
This is the oil extracted from the apricot kernel. It is pale golden and odorless, and it is suited for all skin types. It's a good source of bioactive compounds such as tocopherols and phytosterols. Tocopherols and phytosterols are antioxidant-rich emollients naturally found in vegetables (and in this case, fruit oils) that hydrate, protect the skin against environmental damages (aka free radicals), and keep the skin supple.
Avocado Oil
Avocado oil is derived from—you guessed it—an avocado. So let's talk vital nutrients. Avocado has very, very high fiber, low sugar, and it has all the multivitamin cofactors that we need (potassium, sodium, magnesium, vitamins A, C, and K, folic acid, vitamin B6, and niacin). It also has a very strong antioxidant activity and a high concentration of monounsaturated fat.
Azelaic Acid
Found naturally in grains like wheat and barley, azelaic acid boasts anti-inflammatory properties that make it effective for treating skin conditions such as acne, though research suggests it’s less effective than benzoyl peroxide.In short, azelaic acid is a dicarboxylic acid that helps exfoliate the skin and is synthesized by yeast naturally—but it can be derived from several places. Azelaic acid is produced naturally on your skin by yeast, but you can also make it in a laboratory, and it can come from grains and cereals
Astaxanthin
Astaxanthin is a potent antioxidant known as a carotenoid, found in various foods. It naturally has a bright red/orange color, and its high content in salmon is what gives it its colour. It also is found in some forms of red algae. Studies have shown that the antioxidant ability of astaxanthin is much more powerful than Vitamin C
Azulene
Azulene is a natural botanical oil derived from the steam distillation of chamomile, yarrow, or blue tansy flowers, all of which have anti-inflammatory properties. Its name comes from the Spanish word for blue, 'azul,' because of the distinct blue tint. Those anti-inflammatory benefits make it a choice skin soother, which is why you'll often see azulene in both professional and at-home products meant to be used after waxing or shaving.
Bakuchiol
Bakuchiol is a plant extract and antioxidant thought to support healthy aging that may have been used in traditional Chinese and Indian medicine. It’s sometimes promoted as a safer, less irritating alternative to retinol, but there currently aren’t enough studies to support these claims.
Beta-hydroxy Acid (BHAs)
Beta hydroxy acids are oil soluble acids, they act as exfoliants. It has been claimed that BHAs are effective in reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and improving overall skin texture, without the occasional irritation associated with the use of AHAs. BHAs are used in some "anti-aging" creams and acne treatments to combat inflammation. Currently, the BHA most commonly used in cosmetics is salicylic acid which comes from willow bark.
Baobab
Baobab has a myriad of benefits. It is most notable for its moisturizing properties. Because Baobab is packed with vitamins B, C, and Omega 3s, when used for the face, it can help with dry, aging, and dull skin. The oil form can help soothe eczema and dandruff as well, because it is moisturizing, but it does not replace medications for the conditions.
Beeswax
Beeswax is a wax produced by worker bees to build a honeycomb. It’s often found in makeup products and some sunscreens and may help manage sensitive skin, dermatitis, and psoriasis. It’s sometimes used as an emollient to support skin hydration
Bentonite Clay
Bentonite clay is "mineral-rich and made of weathered volcanic ash. It's been used for centuries as a traditional medicine for detoxification, because it contains minerals such as calcium, magnesium, and iron. Bentonite clay's natural ingredient acts similar to a sponge in how it absorbs excess oil and sebum from your skin. Best for those who contend with acne, redness, and/or oil production.
Beta-Glucan
Beta-glucans, written as β-glucans, are polysaccharides (multiple sugars, starch, cellulose bonded together) found in yeast, bacteria, fungi, seaweed, and grains like oats. So you can ingest them in food, or they can be extracted and applied to your skin. Beta-glucan is a humectant moisturizer that attracts water to the top layers of skin
Bhringraj Oil
Bhringraj oil is made from extracts of the False Daisy plant, known as Eclipta alba because of its small flowers. Eclipta alba is a member of the sunflower family and is grown in humid, tropical locations like India. Bhringraj oil is commonly used in Ayurvedic medicine for primarily treating dry scalps and dandruff, greying hair, as well as hair loss. It is also rich in minerals like iron, magnesium, calcium, and proteins, all of which are important for healthy hair growth.
Biotin
Biotin, also known as vitamin B7 or vitamin H (fun fact: the "H" stands for Haar and Haut, the German words for hair and skin), is a water-soluble B vitamin, which means the body does not store it. Because it can be found in various foods such as fish, eggs, meat, dairy products, nuts, and seeds, and it is also produced in our bodies from intestinal bacteria.
Black Cumin Seed Oil
Black cumin seed oil is rich in antioxidants—it nourishes the skin and helps prevent inflammation. It's firming and regenerative properties are known to lessen the chance of scars developing from wounds. Black cumin seed oil has a rich history. It is a legendary secret of the goddesses like Cleopatra and Nefertiti, who used it as part of their daily beauty regimen. It is also known that the pharaoh Tutankhamun was found buried alongside black cumin seed oil almost 3300 years ago. Completely different from the orange-hued cumin from the culinary world, this product comes from a plant called Nigella sativa, sometimes also called black caraway or fennel flower.
Black Soap
The African black soap happens to be a traditional cleansing product that is made from natural ingredients like plantain skins, cocoa pods, shea butter, and palm oil. It has gained popularity around the world for the numerous benefits it possesses. The soap gets its distinct dark colour from the ash of plantain skins, cocoa pods, and other natural ingredients. Known to be a natural cleansing soap. It is renowned for its deep cleansing properties and the ability to promote healthy skin and hair.
Body Serum
Body serums are lightweight, water-based product that penetrate deeper layers of the skin. They are usually applied before a body lotion, moisturizer or ointment. Due to their thick, gel like texture, serums are able to deliver a higher concentration of active ingredients to advance the function of the body lotion/moisturizer application that follows. Just like facial serums, body serums deliver active ingredients to target specific concerns such as dry or dull skin, whereas traditional body lotions are mainly used to provide moisture.
Borage Seed Oil
Borage seed oil is derived from the seeds of the Borago officinalis, or in simpler terms, a Mediterranean native plant. The entire plant can be used for medical purposes, but the oil is specifically derived from the seeds, hence its namesake. The oil, an antioxidant and hydrator, is often found in moisturizers, Weinstein tells us. Borage seed oil provides fatty acids necessary for the skin. More specifically, it blocks formation of leukotrienes and increases the production of ceramics.
Caviar
Caviar is unfertilized fish eggs. When used in skincare, caviar is infused as an extract. Caviar extract is an emollient active ingredient primarily benefiting the skin by boosting hydration, moisture levels, and plumping of fine lines, while reducing inflammation and protecting against oxidative damage thanks to its antioxidant properties—notably vitamin E and selenium.
Caffeine
Caffeine for skincare is a controversial ingredient. Yes, it may be a fabulous brightener. Either way, it's one of the buzziest ingredients in skincare today. Gradually, more brands are starting to include it in their formulas. So why the sudden interest? Well, it's partially due to the things that come in coffee bean oil, partially due to caffeine itself, and mostly due to renewed interest by cosmetics companies in centuries-old home remedies.
Camellia Extract
Camellia oleifera leaf extract is extracted from the leaves of the Camellia oleifera, a shrub of the tea family and a type of green tea that's native to Asia, especially southern China. Tea leaves have been heralded for their polyphenol contents, a family of molecules with a pretty broad range of described health benefits.
Castor Oil
Pressed from castor seeds found in the tropical Ricinus communis plant, castor oil is thicker and goopier than argan or coconut oil, which may make it an effective replenisher for skin and hair. But the story doesn’t end there. The medicinal properties of castor oil are thought to have been harnessed as far back as ancient Egyptian times when the oil was regarded by many as an immunity-boosting elixir. It's still a mainstay of Ayurvedic medicine. Upon reviewing its properties, we get why. According to dermatologists Castor oil is sometimes credited with helping the absorption of other products into the skin, as well, it has purported other benefits: anti-inflammatory/antibacterial/moisturizing.
CBD Oil
CBD—which stands for Cannabidiol—oil is a compound derived from both hemp (cannabis sativa) and marijuana (cannabis sativa indica) plants, both of which are part of the cannabis family. When it comes to acne's root causes—a combination of bacteria, oil, and dry skin cells getting trapped in your pores—CBD oil seems to have all bases covered. CBD oil is beneficial to these conditions due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It reduces sebum production and is also antimicrobial, so it works great for acne-prone skin. A 2007 study published in the Journal of Dermatological Science that showed CBD oil applied to the skin may inhibit the overproduction of keratinocytes (skin cells), thus eliminating yet another acne-causing culprit.
Carrier Oils
When formulating skincare products with essential oils, aromatherapists use a carrier oil as essential oils are too concentrated and can cause skin irritations if used on the skin directly. Carrier oil is a term that encompasses several plant-derived oils, like jojoba oil and argan oil. They get their name because they are good for diluting other products, like essential oils, and “carrying” them to the skin. Evidence of benefits, such as skin longevity and anti-inflammatory properties.
Ceramides
Ceramides are known to be part of this complex family of fats or lipids called a sphingolipid. One of the best ways to understand how ceramides function is to imagine your stratum corneum (the outermost layer of your epidermis) made up of bricks and mortar. The skin cells are essentially the brick, and the lipids or the fats are in between, and that’s what we call the mortar. Similar to how a stack of bricks wouldn’t be as effective at protecting without the mortar sealing everything in place, neither is your skin cells without ceramides
Charcoal
Charcoal is the result of burning carbon-based materials, which makes sense if you've ever come in contact with the chalky, sooty substance. Although you might hear the terms "charcoal" and "activated charcoal" used interchangeably in the beauty industry. Activated charcoal has been treated to produce a much larger surface area for adsorption. It, when charcoal is treated with gases or inorganic chemicals, it's forced to open up and form pores (think of a microscopic sponge)
Chamomile
Chamomile is an herb that has been used for thousands of years in for medicinal purposes thanks to its abundance of flavonoids and phytochemicals.2 These nutrients are known to fight against harmful free radicals and speed up cell regeneration, thereby improving the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and scars
Chebula
It is the antioxidant capacity of chebula that gives it such powerful anti-aging power. In fact, chebula extract is stronger than the antioxidants we generally consider the best for our skin, including vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin E (tocopherol), and BHT. Chebula is able to scavenge more free radicals, and for a longer duration of time than other antioxidants can. A 2016 study stated, “The antioxidant activity of the extract is significantly higher than the standard ascorbic acid, and its activity is concentration-dependent.
Collagen
Collagen is often referred to as the body’s scaffolding, and the reason for that is because, as we mentioned above, it's the most important structural protein in your skin. Not only is collagen made in our bodies, but it can also be derived from plants and animals. It's available in topical and ingestible forms, and in the past, it was also a popular injectable (we'll dive deeper into the different forms a little later on).
Colloidal Oatmeal
Colloidal oatmeal is ground oatmeal, which is then placed in a liquid medium for better application and absorption into the skin. Studies show that colloidal oatmeal can function as a cleanser, moisturizer, skin soother, and protective anti-inflammatory agent.1 The skin protectant is available in various forms (such as powders, gels, and creams) and can be conveniently found at groceries and drugstores.
Cone Snail Venom
First, it should be noted that this ingredient doesn’t actually come from a cone snail—it’s created synthetically in a lab to mimic the effects. “Cone snails from the southwest shores of Australia have been known to secrete a venom that paralyzes their enemies and food sources”. “We do not use cone snail venom—we make a biomimetic peptide that is patented and has specific activity without harming or depleting the natural flora of cone snails and their environment.”
Copper Peptide
"Copper peptides are well known in the skincare world with decades of data as a skin-restoring ingredient. They improve skin including firmness, smoothness, reduction of fine lines and wrinkles, by promoting collagen, elastin, glycosaminoglycan (think HAs) and improved antioxidant activity,"
CoQ10
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 for short) is a naturally produced bodily enzyme and one of the most fundamental antioxidants. "CoQ10 or Coenzyme Q-10 is a kind of fat-soluble quinone compound. Coenzyme Q10 is found in every cell of the human body. A coenzyme is a substance that enhances or is necessary for the action of enzymes, generally smaller than the enzymes. CoQ10 is vital in energy production in cells."
Cocoa Butter
Cocoa butter comes from the cacao bean, which is found inside the cocoa pod, which grows on the cacao tree. The cocoa pod is a large, gourd-shaped fruit; inside the pod are 30 to 40 cocoa seeds. After these seeds are dried, roasted, and pressed, the vegetable fat is extracted from the beans— you can even do it at home if you want. That fat is what we know as cocoa "butter," and what's leftover can be ground down to become cocoa powder. "Cocoa butter is an amazing moisturizer, as it's rife with fatty acids. It's also rich in antioxidants.". Solid at room temperature, cocoa butter has a low melting point and a super-long shelf life of around two to five years. That means a tub of the good stuff can go a long way in caring for your skin.
Cold Pressed
Cold-pressing involves making a product or ingredient without the use of high heat. The process may help relieve dry skin and scalp and dry or cracked cuticles, but research is limited. Cold pressing is a common way to make oils like olive oil without the use of heat or chemicals.
It involves crushing the oils i.e olives into a paste, then applying force by mechanical press, or centrifugation to separate the oil from the pulp. According to European food standards, temperatures cannot exceed 81°F (27°C). Cold pressing may help oils like oilive oil retain its nutritional value, as nutrients and beneficial plant compounds can break down under high heat.
Date Seed Oil
Date seed oil also contains five types of fatty acids: oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid, and lauric acid. These compounds have antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiviral properties.
Dead Sea
The Dead Sea’s minerals consist of a balanced composition that matches the concentration of minerals in our own skin when healthy. The Dead Sea contains 10 times as many minerals as any other sea, ocean, or lake. Bathing in a magnesium-rich Dead Sea salt solution improves skin barrier function, enhances skin hydration, and reduces inflammation in atopic dry skin.
Dimethicone
Dimethicone is a human-made silicon-based polymer designed to keep other product ingredients from separating. It may help seal moisture into the skin and hair and prevent aging signs.
Distilled Water
Distilled water is a type of purified water that has been boiled into vapour and condensed back into liquid in a separate container. Salts, minerals, and other organic materials are removed by collecting the steam from boiling water
Double Cleanse
Double cleansing means cleansing your face twice, first with an oil-based product and then followed by a water-based cleanser.
Emolients
Emollients are ingredients or products that hydrate the skin by providing a protective layer to keep in moisture and prevent and treat skin dryness. "This is a broad category with many different products and ingredients that can be considered or used as emollients," Butters, oils, esters, lipids, and fatty acids are all considered emollients.
Eucalyptus Oil
Eucalyptus oil is an essential oil made from dried, crushed, and distilled eucalyptus leaves distilled from the leaf of an evergreen tree native to Australia but can also be found in other parts of the world. Although there are hundreds of different species of eucalyptus, Chang says eucalyptus globulus is the main source of eucalyptus oil used.
Epsom Salt
Epsom salt is simply crystals of magnesium sulfate, a mineral. It's long been used in the health and wellness space, ever since its discovery all the way back in the 17th century. "In theory, Epsom salt could be good for breakouts because the magnesium sulfate can help relieve swelling and inflammation, and assist the body in purging toxins. The salt can also dry up excess oil,"
Evening Primrose Oil
Evening primrose oil, or EPO, is an oil derived from the seeds of the evening primrose plant, Oenothera biennis. The plant has a long history of skincare use: "Native Americans used the stem and leaf juices as topical remedies to soothe cutaneous inflammations, and poultices of the plant were used to treat bruises and minor wounds,"
Emu Oil
Emu oil is derived from the fat of an emu bird. Also known as Dromaius novaehallandiae, the emu is a flightless bird species that is indigenous to Australia. The fat is removed from the back of the bird and then goes through a refining process that removes excess toxins. It's important to note that because of this, emu oil is not cruelty-free.
Essential Oils
These are concentrated liquids derived from the aromatic parts of plants, such as the flowers, roots, and leaves using a process called steam distillation
Ferulic Acid
Ferulic acid, aka hydroxycinnamic acid, is a powerful antioxidant that neutralizes free-radical damage from pollution, ultraviolet light, or infrared radiation, all of which accelerate skin agingIt's found in the cell wall of plants like oats, brown rice, peanuts, and oranges, but you typically hear of it associated with apples.
Fermented Oils
When a product's label says 'fermented oil,' it means the product contains an oil that has undergone the process of having a specialized microorganism introduced in an anaerobic environment (without oxygen,)". This process converts the carbohydrates in the original oil to acid plus energy
Frangipani
Frangipani is a fragrant flowering tree, also known as plumeria. The oil of the colorful flower, also known as the Hawaiian Lei flower, has been used in perfumery since the 16th century, usually as a top or heart note. The flowers from a frangipani tree are either white, yellow, pink, or multi-color. Frangipani is a common ingredient in manyfragranced soaps, candles, massage oils, and potpourris. The flowers of the plant are also considered sacred in certain tropical nations such as Bali and India, where they are used in religious ceremonies.
Glutathione
Glutathione is known as the most powerful antioxidant of all time. It is an antioxidant. It is involved in metabolism of toxins and carcinogens, DNA synthesis and repair, protein and prostaglandin synthesis, amino acid transport, immune system function, prevention of oxidative cell damage, and enzyme activation. Glutathione is an antioxidant naturally found in human cells that neutralizes free radicals, boosts the immune system and detoxifies the body. It causes skin lightening by converting melanin to a lighter colour and deactivating the enzyme tyrosinase, which helps to produce the pigment.
Glacier
Glacier water is a mineral-rich source of hydration. It’s uninterrupted tetrahedral molecular structure is uniquely suited to help nutrients transfer on a cellular level-improving ability of products to penetrate skin and resonate with cells to boost skin hydration and vitality
Gold
Gold contains anti-inflammatory qualities as well as antioxidants. This implies that it can minimize skin redness, lessen acne inflammation, and protect against hyperpigmentation. It reduces inflammation, minimizes the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and protects skin from free radical damage. This maintains skin texture and avoids premature sagging.
Glycerin
Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a natural compound derived from vegetable oils ie peanuts or animal fats. It’s a clear, colorless, odorless, and syrupy liquid with a sweet taste. Glycerin is a humectant, a type of moisturizing agent that pulls water into the outer layer of your skin from deeper levels of your skin and the air. In skin care products, glycerin is commonly used with occlusives, another type of moisturizing agent, to trap the moisture it draws into the skin.
Glycolic Acid
This acid fights acne by breaking bonds between the outer skin cell layers and the next layer of skin cells, triggering a peeling effect. It acts as a chemical exfoliant by loosening the bonds between dead skin cells while helping to treat acne. Glycolic acid also stimulates collagen production and acts as a humectant, attracting moisture to the skin. It’s considered pregnancy-safe.
Goat Milk
A gentle exfoliator that draws moisture to your skin and softens, nourishes skin, and reduces redness
Goji Berry
Promotes collagen and elastin production, reduces hyperpigmentation, reduces oxidative stress.
Grapeseed
Grapeseed extract (GSE) is created when antioxidant-rich grape seeds are removed, dried, and pulverized. It may help with wound healing and collagen synthesis, but most of the research has looked at its effects on animals. Moisturizes, lightens dark circles, fades scars, tightens skin, prevents sun damage.
Green Tea
Green Tea Phenols (GTP) have anti-inflammatory properties and can act as antioxidants. GTPs have been known to be effective in rosacea and acne treatment. Soothes and protects the skin, reduces sebum, and minimizes signs of aging.
Honey
A natural humectant that draws moisture into the skin and clarifies to open up pores. Recommended for dry skin types. Honey contains trace amounts of Hydrogen Peroxide This might give it mild lightening properties, which is particularly helpful when it comes to resolving pesky post-acne marks and hyperpigmentation
Hyaluronic Acid
Hyaluronic acid is a moisture binder, which means that it will attach itself to the water in the cells making them 'plump.
Hydroquinone
Hydroquinone is a spot lightener. It lightens hyper-pigmentations, age spots and evens out skin tones by lowering the amount of melanin-making melanocites. It also has the added benefit of working well when paired with other skin-lightening ingredients i.e Kojic acid. It is ether is Monobenzone. Monobenzone is a hydroquinone derivative used to treat vitiligo. Often used as a topical drug for depigmenting agent inhibiting melanin produced by polymerization of oxidation products of tyrosine and dihydroxyphenyl compounds. Monobenzone works by permanently removing colour from normal skin located around skin with vitiligo. Monobenzone occurs as a white, almost tasteless crystalline powder, soluble in alcohol and practically insoluble in water.
Humectant
Humectants attract water, helping the skin retain moisture and stay hydrated. Some humectants directly supply moisture to the skin, while others exfoliate first.
Hydrocortisone
Hydocortisone is used to aid in treating skin disorders like severe psoriasis and allergies.
Jojoba Oil
Jojoba oil hydrates, softens, and smoothes the skin while balancing natural oil production.
Kaolin Clay
Kaolin is a white clay that binds sebum, removes excess oil, mattifies, and draws out impurities.
Keratin
Keratin is mostly used in hair products, keratin is a fibrous protein that also occurs naturally in hair, skin, and nails. Keratin smooths cells that overlap to form hair strands, which means more manageable hair and less frizz. This makes for hair that dries with little frizz and has a glossy, healthy look to it. Keratin can also reduce the look of split ends by temporarily bonding the hair back together. A good source is fenugreek
Kojic Acid
Kojic acid is a type of fermented food acid that helps in skin lightening process. Mostly found in rice wine aka Japanese sake. Unlike other acids that work by dissolving the bonds between the cells and exfoliating the skin, kojic acid works by inhibiting pigment production. It also has the added benefit of working well when paired with other skin-lightening ingredients especially hydroquinone.
Lactic Acid
Lactic acid is an exfoliating alpha-hydroxy acid that helps promote the shedding of dead skin cells. By gently eliminating the buildup of dead cells, this ingredient helps soften and smooth your skin and improve its overall texture.
Lanolin
Lanolin is an emollient that allows the skin to moisturize itself from within. Sheep secrete this oil through their skin, and it’s similar to human sebum. It’s found in nipple creams, lotions, and balms for its moisturizing benefits.
Lavender Oil
Lavender oil (aka lavandula angustifolia) is a type of essential oil that comes from the flowers of the lavender plant, which grows in various regions such as France and Bulgaria. Its main components are linalool, linalyl acetate, lavandulol, geraniol, and eucalyptol, which have antibacterial as well as anti-fungal properties. It may help reduce acne, wrinkles, dry skin, and hyperpigmentation, but research is limited
Licorice Extract
Licorice extract brightens the skin. It contains liquiritin, an active compound that helps to disperse and remove existing melanin in the skin. In other words, not only can it help prevent new spots from forming, but it can also fade existing ones by inhibiting the production of an enzyme needed to produce melanin (pigment)
Lysine
Like all amino acids and their derivatives, lysine HCI plays a role in keeping skin hydrated by aiding the balanced transport of water through skin's layers. It appears to help the body absorb calcium, and it plays an important role in the formation of collagen, a substance important for bones and connective tissues including skin, tendons, and cartilage.
Lemon Balm
Lemon Balm is an exfoliator (The primary ingredient in lemon juice that's worth calling out for skincare purposes is citric acid, an alpha-hydroxy acid). It is full of Vitamin C which helps sloughs away dead skin cells, clears sebum and dirt from pores (which may help prevent blackhead formation, says Nussbaum), and may also have antibacterial properties.
Marshmallow Root Extract
Marshmallow Root Extract is an anti-inflamatory especially recommended for sensitive skin. It soothes redness, relieves inflammation, and helps retain moisture.
Madelic Acid
Mandelic Acid is an alpha-hydroxy acid, known as an exfoliator that increases cell turnover, anti-acne, anti-aging and skin texture.
Moringa Oil
Moringa oil helps to reduces fine lines and wrinkles, improves the overall appearance of the skin, soothes inflammation
Malic Acid
Malic Acid exfoliates dead cells on the outermost layer of the skin and promotes cell turnover, leaving skin brighter and more even, and also helping to keep pores unclogged. An AHA that adjusts acid levels in products and for hydration and gentle exfoliation.
Meadowfoam
Meadowfoam is an emollient that seals in moisture and softens skin.
Matcha
Matcha is a form of green tea which is much more concentrated in antioxidants than regular green tea. “It is prepared from the same plant, but in matcha, the entire leaf is grounded to make a powder. Rich in antioxidant and great for oily skin, Matcha skincare product help to brighten dark spots, even out skin tone and even protect the skin against harmful UV rays.
Micellar Water
Micellar water is made using purified water, moisturizers like glycerin, and mild surfactants, which are compounds used for cleansing. The molecules of these mild surfactants join to form micelles, a type of spherical chemical structure that helps pull dirt and oil from the skin. They work like a miniature sponge, mopping up dirt and makeup while hydrating your skin. Micelles have an oil-loving ‘tail’ that traps dirt, oil, and makeup and a water-loving ‘head’ that allows the micelles to dissolve impurities so they can easily be wiped away.
Murumuru Butter
Murumuru butter is derived from the Murumuru nut.It is an hydrator that deeply moisturizes, reduces inflammation, sensitive skin-friendly
Muslin
Muslin is a cleansing cloth that gently exfoliates, deeply cleanses, and reduces inflammation
Mushroom
Mushroom extracts have anti-inflammatory skin barrier protection and hydration. According to experts, certain mushrooms can draw water into the epidermis and retain moisture,
Niacinamide
Niacinamide also known as Vitamin B3 is a skin brightener that prevents signs of aging, reduces acne
Neem Oil
Neem oil is an essential oil that kills bacteria and fungus and is also an anti-inflammatory.
Resveratrol
Resveratrol is part of a group of compounds called polyphenols, which act as key antioxidants in a skincare formula. Resveratrol is that gentle element that neutralizes free radicals, reduces dark spots, and increases elasticity.
using retinol and resveratrol together helps with brightness, evens tone, and leaves skin more supple and resilient
Retinol
Retinol is your ticket for smoother, softer, firmer, and evener skin. Retinols increases cell turnover, boosts collagen production, and regulates oil production.
Retinoids
Retinoids are a class of skincare compounds derived from vitamin A that can help improve skin texture, reduce fine lines and wrinkles, and treat acne
Retinal
Retinal, a.k.a retinaldehyde, is often considered to be the most potent vitamin A you can get without a prescription. It's 10 times more bioavailable than retinol, so it works faster, and a lot less is needed to drive impactful results
Reishi Mushroom
Reishi Mushroom is an hydration and antioxidant. They are deeply hydrating, antioxidant-rich adaptogens and contain immune-boosting properties that pose both internal and external benefits to restore moisture loss, fights fine lines and wrinkles, reduces stress, improves sleep, boosts immune system.
Rosehip Oil
Rosehip Oil is a pink oil that helps to brighten and evens out the skin, regenerates and heals, helps with anti-aging, elasticity, and collagen production.
Rosemary Oil
Rosemary Oil aka Rosmarinic acid (the main component in rosemary leaf extract) is powerfully calming for skin conditions like eczema and acne.
Royal Jelly
Royal Jelly is the French beauty secret due to its ability to increases collagen production, promotes wound healing, fights inflammation
Sake
Sake is a fermented rice wine, but as a result of fermentation, it produces some extremely effective anti-ageing agents: 20 different types of amino acids, kojic acid and loads of enzymes. These elements are well known for their ability to deeply hydrate and fade pigmentation
Seaweed
Seaweed is a famous hydrating ingredient in skincare products. As a powerful humectant, seaweed draws moisture to skin cells, with potent polysaccharides absorbing water and bringing it to the skin. This provides long-lasting, hydration for moisturized-looking skin. Seaweed, or macroalgae, refers to thousands of species of macroscopic, multicellular, marine algae. T
Sea Kelp
Sea kelp, scientifically known as Macrocystis pyrifera, is a natural humectant, which means it can attract and retain moisture. When used in skincare products, it helps your skin maintain its moisture balance, keeping it hydrated, plump, and youthful. This is especially beneficial for those with dry or dehydrated skin.Its remarkable ability to absorb minerals and nutrients from the sea makes it a powerhouse of essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.
Shea Butter
Shea Butter is a seed fat that comes from the shea tree. The shea tree is found in East and West tropical Africa. Shea butter can benefit the skin and hair. It is a natural moisturizer with anti-inflammatory properties.
Sirtuins
Sirtuins, often referred to as longevity proteins, are a group of proteins found within our kin cells that play a crucial role in maintaining cellular health and longevity.
Skin Types
According to the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD), there are five primary types of skin: oily, dry, normal, combination, and sensitive. Each skin type has its own set of unique characteristics and needs that can affect the look and feel of your complexion. The other types are types are acne-prone, and mature. Though, normal is the most common skin type, being aware of the needs of one's skin allows one to locate the proper items that work the best and tackle possible difficulties without inflicting any damage.
Snail Mucin
Snail mucin is a complex mix of proteins, enzymes, hyaluronic acid, copper peptides, antimicrobial peptides, iron, zinc, and proteoglycans. It comes straight from the snail. It is the secretion, or the mucus, that is left behind when a snail scoots along- the slimy substance that a snail releases to protect itself when it’s under stress.
Organic Skincare
Organic skincare products are made of natural ingredients without any chemical elements in them. The ingredients used are organically farmed and do not contain genetically modified materials, synthetic residues, or chemicals.
Thermal Water
Thermal water is water taken from natural springs. It contains minerals that have been shown to enrich the skin. Don't be fooled by the name, thermal spring water is different to 'normal' water. The long process by which rain water travels through mountains and rocks and resurfaces allows the water to become packed full of minerals. Something important to consider is the natural process in which thermal water is created.
Turmeric
From ancient Ayurvedic traditions to modern skincare, turmeric has gained significant recognition for its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin-enhancing properties. Applying turmeric or products with turmeric to your face can help lighten dark spots, reduce the appearance of fine lines, treat acne, and even brighten skin tone.
Tsubaki Oil (Camellia Seed Oil)
Camellia Japonica Seed Oil, also known as Tsubaki (soo-baw-kee) or Dongbaek Oil, is derived from the seeds of a flowering tree that is native to Southern Japan. For centuries, this luxurious oil has been a treasured beauty secret among Japanese women and ancient Geishas. It is highly regarded for its exceptional ability to retain moisture and penetrate deeply into the skin, delivering immense amounts of phytonutrients.
Parabens
PropylParaben is in the paraben family of preservatives used by pharmaceutical and personal care industries. It is the ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, occurs as a natural substance found in many plants and some insects. It is a member of the class of parabens founderd in water-based cosmetics, such as creams, lotions, shampoos and bath products.
Peptides
Polypeptides, often referred to as Peptides, are short chains of amino acids that make up proteins. Peptides are amino acids that make up certain proteins needed by the skin. More specifically, collagen is made of three polypeptide chains, so adding peptides can stimulate your skin to make collagen. Some peptides naturally occur in the skin, such as collagen, keratin, and elastin. More collagen can lead to firmer, younger-looking skin. A loss of peptides can cause softer, wrinkled-looking skin.
Vitamin C
Vitamin C is an antioxidant that fights harmful toxins that come in contact with your skin wither externally or from inside the body. It has proven benefits, from acting as a protective antioxidant and boosting healthy collagen to combating pigmentation.
Water Cream
Water creams are infused with a high concentration of water-based ingredients, such as hyaluronic acid and botanical extracts, which penetrate deeply into the skin, delivering a surge of moisture.